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In 1934 the republic of Haiti celebrated its 130th anniversary as an independent nation. In that year, too, another sort of Haitian independence occurred, as the United States ended nearly two decades of occupation. In the first comprehensive political history of postoccupation Haiti, Matthew Smith argues that the period from 1934 until the rise of dictator Francois ""Papa Doc"" Duvalier to the presidency in 1957 constituted modern Haiti's greatest moment of political promise.Smith emphasizes the key role that radical groups, particularly Marxists and black nationalists, played in shap

Radicalism --- Black nationalism --- Communism --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Black separatism --- Nationalism --- Nationalism, Black --- Separatism, Black --- Black power --- Blacks --- Extremism, Political --- Ideological extremism --- Political extremism --- Political science --- History --- Politics and government --- Race identity --- Haiti --- Black people

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Communism --- Communisme --- History --- Histoire --- Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich, --- Baikalo-Amurskaia magistral' --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Brezhnev, Leonid Ilʹich, --- Baĭkalo-Amurskai͡a magistralʹ --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Breshnew, L. I., --- Brejnev, L., --- Breznieph, --- Breznjev, L., --- Brežněv, Leonid Ilʹjič, --- Brezsnyev, Leonyid, --- Breschnew, Leonid, --- Brezhnev, L. I. --- Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich, --- Brezhnev, Leonid I. --- Po-lieh-jih-nieh-fu, --- Brezshneṿ, L. I., --- Брежнев, Леонид Ильич, --- ברעזשנעװ, ל. אי --- ברעזשנעװ, ל. אי., --- Baĭkalo-Amurskai︠a︡ zheleznodorozhnai︠a︡ magistralʹ --- BAM --- Baikal-Amur Railroad --- Baikal-Amur Main Line --- Baĭkalo-Amurskai︠a︡ zheleznai︠a︡ doroga imeni Leninskogo komsomola --- Байкало-Амурская магистраль --- БАМ --- Brejnev, Leonid, --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Communism. --- HISTORY --- Infrastruktur. --- Planwirtschaft. --- TRANSPORTATION --- General. --- Railroads --- Pictorial. --- Brežnev, Leonid I. --- Brežnev, Leonid Ilʹič, --- Baĭkalo-Amurskai͡a magistralʹ --- Baĭkalo-Amurskai͡a magistralʹ. --- 1900-1999. --- Baikal-Amur-Magistrale (Russland). --- Baikal-Amur-Magistrale. --- Soviet Union.